There are many reasons for infertility in males. One of the major reasons is abnormal semen. 

• Azoospermia happens when there is a complete absence of sperm in the semen
• Oligospermia is a condition where semen contains less than 20 million sperm/ml
• If the semen has less than 25% sperm motility, it is known as Asthenospermia.
  •Teratozoospermia is a condition where there is 30% sperm with normal morphology.
• Necrospermia happens when the motility of sperms in semen is 0%.
• Polyzoospermia happens when semen contains more than 250 million sperm/ml.
  During Asepermia, there is no semen discharge during intercourse due to the absence of ejaculation.
  • Hypospermia is a condition when semen volume is less than 2 ml.
  • Hyper spermia is a condition where the volume of semen is more than 2ml.

Other reasons for infertility are Varicocele & Hydrocele.

1. If testicles do not come down into the scrotum, it becomes the reason for infertility.
2. Excessive antibodies become unhealthy for your sperm as it destroys them.
3. In case of hormonal imbalance, such as low testosterone production etc, infertility may occur.
4. If a man is suffering from any childhood illness, the issues of infertility may arise.
5. An injury in the groin may be the reason for infertility.
6. Radiations during the treatment of cancer can make you have infertility.
7. There are genetic conditions that can cause infertility issues.
8. If there are blockages in the tubes that carry sperm from your testicles to your penis, infertility may happen.
9. Calcium channel blockers are used for high blood pressure or BP.
10. If you are taking anabolic steroids, infertility may arise.
11. Intake of Recreational drugs like cocaine and marijuana are the reasons for infertility.
12. Erectile dysfunction (ED).
13. If you are facing issues like retrograde, premature, or delayed ejaculation, you might have infertility. Get the best treatment from an infertility treatment clinic in India
14. Low sex drive
15. Abnormalities of the penis may be the reason of infertility.
16. Numerous other factors cause infertility, including depression, obesity, older age, heavy smoking, excessive alcohol usage, emotional stress, exposure to heat like frequent exposure to hot baths, wearing nonporous nylon underwear, suspensory garments, exposure to toxins, including pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals, and long screen time on laptop computer be the reason for infertility.

Diet plays a crucial role in infertility. Using vitamins and minerals may prove fruitful in the case of infertility.

There are 10 sperm-producing superfoods that you should try if you are facing infertility issues. The sperm-producing foods include spinach, dark-cholocates, bananas, eggs, walnuts, pomegranates, garlic, broccoli, carrots, pumpkin seeds, and food items that are rich in vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and zinc.

Treatment of Male Infertility: All male factors are not treatable through medicines alone; some factors need surgical procedures, too.
According to the condition, there are very good Ayurvedic medicines to help in treating male Infertility.

In the case of oligospermia i.e. less quantity of sperm in semen and less motility of sperm, — medicines like– Dhatu pushbike churan, Aswagandhadi churan, Shatavaryadi churan, Asvagandhadi lehyam, Kounchapaka, Laghu musalipaka, Amritaprasa ghrita, Tablet Purnachandrodaya, Tablet chukar Matrika bati, Tablet Brihat Bangeshwar ras, Tablet Pushp dhanva Ras, Capsule shilajit. etc., gives very good results.

For Azoospermia: No oral medicinal treatment is available for azoospermia (NIL Sperms). Men are advised to get their serum FSH and bilateral testicular biopsy done to understand if sperm production in the testes is proper or not. The tests can also showcase the blockages of tubes, if any.

Suppose sperm production is there in the testes. In that case, a variety of techniques are there for the retrieval of spermatozoa such as — ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) like RETA (rete testis aspiration), SPAS (spermatocele aspiration) MESE (microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration), PESE (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration), TESE (testicular sperm extraction) all these techniques help to aspirate the sperms. These sperms are used to utilize IVF & other micro-assisted fertilization processes.

If the cause of infertility is Azoospermia, which is an obstruction of epididymis or vas, then vasectomy and transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts (TURED) works best. Getting these operations done by an experienced surgeon using microsurgical techniques is wise. 

If Necrospermia is the cause of infertility, surgical and medical treatments are not available in this case. It’s better to go for donor insemination.
If you are facing ED or erectile dysfunction, issues with penetration, or ejaculation problems, consulting the best sexologist in India is the best.

In the case of Varicocele and Hydrocele, Operation gives a permanent solution with Varicocele and Hydrocele. The operation includes embolization of the incompetent veins. After a successful operation, couples can have a natural pregnancy or pregnancy through Intrauterine Insemination or IUI. In the other case, IVF, In Vitro Fertilization or ICSI, or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection is the last option.

Causes of female infertility:  Ovulatory factors majorly contribute to the problem of infertility in females.
• Female infertility may be the reason for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hormonal imbalances causing disturbed cycles.
• Partial or complete tubal block by Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea or any other reason
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids
• Scarring of the uterus from a previous surgery
• Painful intercourse
• Old Age: The quality and quantity of a woman’s eggs begin to decline with age.
• Heavy Smoking & Heavy alcohol consumption
• Weight: Being overweight or significantly underweight may also affect normal ovulation.

The female partner is advised to do tests including complete hormonal assay, Ultrasonography, tubal patency test like HSG(Hysterosalpingography), hysteroscopy & laparoscopy, etc.….

If you are trying to conceive, one of the things that you should take care of most is your female partner’s diet and nutrition. Eating wholesome and balanced foods will provide plenty of nutrition to keep the reproductive system healthy, have hormones stable, and improve circulation. Those include avocados, beans, lentils, sesame seeds, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and dry fruits.

Medicinal treatment of female infertility: The female partner is advised to take the following medicines according to the condition. Shatavari churna, Shatapushpa churna, Pushyanuga churna, Kanchanra guggulu, Rajah pravartini vati, Varunadi kashayam, Ashokarista, Phala ghrita, Brihat satavari ghrita, Sheeta kalyanaka ghrita, Ashoka ghrita, tablet Pushpa dhanva ras.

For tubal blocks: Reconstructive surgeries of the tubes, like reimplantation of the tubes, end-to-end anastomosis, salpingectomy, etc., are advised.

If treatment is unsuccessful, or if the couple still does not conceive, then assisted reproduction techniques may include In Vitro Fertilization or IVF, IUI or Intrauterine Insemination, ART or Assisted Reproductive Techniques, and IVF with micromanipulation.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI): This involves the collection of semen by an emission occurring other than during coitus (usually by masturbation) and its transfer into the uterus.

In vitro fertilization (IVF): In this technique, your doctor places embryos fertilized outside the body into your uterus.

IVF with micromanipulation: ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) Sometimes, the sperm cannot penetrate the outer layer for a variety of reasons. It can be that the outer layer of the egg may be hard or thick to penetrate. The penetration of sperm can be due to the inability of the sperm to swim. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, or ICSI, along with In Vitro Fertilization or IVF, is the best procedure that can help fertilize the egg effectively. During the procedure of ICSI, there is an injection of a single sperm into the egg cytoplasm.

Several other ART methods have been developed over the years. Some of these include GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer), DIPI (direct intraperitoneal insemination), FSP (fallopian sperm perfusion), ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer), and IFI (intrafallopian insemination)

Surrogacy: Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction where intended parents work with another female (other than the wife) called a surrogate mother, who will carry and care for their baby(ies) until birth. It is an option for women with an abnormal uterus or a complete absence of a uterus, either congenitally or post-hysterectomy.

Want to understand infertility better? Check out the video on causes and treatment options.